Vexillology: Flags of the World: Their History and Meaning

Summary

The history of flags is as old as civilization itself, beginning with the use of symbols to identify and distinguish groups, tribes, and nations. These symbols, initially simple and functional, later evolved into the complex designs we recognize today as flags. In their early forms, flags were not necessarily the fabric banners we use now but were often symbols or standards that represented a group or entity. These early markers were used to communicate identity, power, and territorial boundaries.

The earliest known use of flags dates back to ancient civilizations such as the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese. For example, the ancient Egyptians used flags made of fabric or leather as symbols of authority, carried into battle or displayed in royal courts. These early flags often consisted of simple shapes and symbols, such as the Egyptian ankh or the scarab, representing the gods and the ruling elite.

Similarly, ancient Greek and Roman civilizations used banners in both military and civic contexts. In Roman times, military standards called "signa" were carried by soldiers during battles. These standards were often adorned with the images of gods, and the legions were known for their proud display of these banners, which were considered sacred. These military standards were instrumental in maintaining order and morale within the ranks and also served as a form of propaganda, displaying the power and might of the Roman Empire.